2010年9月13日星期一

Reference Sources

1 Where can you find information about Nobel Prize?Who get the Nobel Prize this year?
  I find information about Nobel Prize in http://www.google.com/.
     And it's http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/lists/all/index.html.
      2009, The Nobel Prize in Physics
      Charles K. Kao, Willard S. Boyle, George E. Smith
      2009, The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
      Venkatraman Ramakrishnan, Thomas A. Steitz, Ada E. Yonath
      2009, The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
      Elizabeth H. Blackburn, Carol W. Greider, Jack W. Szostak
      2009, The Nobel Prize in Literature
      Herta Müller
      2009, The Nobel Peace Prize
      Barack H. Obama
      2009, The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel
      Elinor Ostrom, Oliver E. Williamson

2 Go to Encyclopedia Online at http://library.spu.ac.th Search for the history of automobiles or computer.   Summarize the information you get.
      The first computers were people! That is, electronic computers (and the earlier mechanical computers) were given this name because they performed the work that had previously been assigned to people. "Computer" was originally a job title: it was used to describe those human beings (predominantly women) whose job it was to perform the repetitive calculations required to compute such things as navigational tables, tide charts, and planetary positions for astronomical almanacs. Imagine you had a job where hour after hour, day after day, you were to do nothing but compute multiplications. Boredom would quickly set in, leading to carelessness, leading to mistakes. And even on your best days you wouldn't be producing answers very fast. Therefore, inventors have been searching for hundreds of years for a way to mechanize (that is, find a mechanism that can perform) this task.
       Just a few years after Pascal, the German Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (co-inventor with Newton of calculus) managed to build a four-function (addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division) calculator that he called the stepped reckoner because, instead of gears, it employed fluted drums having ten flutes arranged around their circumference in a stair-step fashion. Although the stepped reckoner employed the decimal number system (each drum had 10 flutes), Leibniz was the first to advocate use of the binary number system which is fundamental to the operation of modern computers. Leibniz is considered one of the greatest of the philosophers but he died poor and alone. 
       IBM continued to develop mechanical calculators for sale to businesses to help with financial accounting and inventory accounting. One characteristic of both financial accounting and inventory accounting is that although you need to subtract, you don't need negative numbers and you really don't have to multiply since multiplication can be accomplished via repeated addition.
      The title of forefather of today's all-electronic digital computers is usually awarded to ENIAC, which stood for Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator. ENIAC was built at the University of Pennsylvania between 1943 and 1945 by two professors, John Mauchly and the 24 year old J. Presper Eckert, who got funding from the war department after promising they could build a machine that would replace all the "computers", meaning the women who were employed calculating the firing tables for the army's artillery guns. The day that Mauchly and Eckert saw the first small piece of ENIAC work, the persons they ran to bring to their lab to show off their progress were some of these female computers (one of whom remarked, "I was astounded that it took all this equipment to multiply 5 by 1000").
3 What is the difference between general book and reference book?
   Book reports and essays have more differences than similarities. Book reports cover the whole book. Essays focus on a particular aspect, be it a theme, tone, character, or scene from the book. Essays reference moments from the book directly, using quotes, to make their arguments. Book reports only give general plot points. Book reports may offer personal opinions, whereas essays usually give facts. Read more: Differences Between a Book Report and Essay WritingeHow.com http://www.ehow.com/facts_5257536_differences-book-report-essay-writing.html#ixzz0zPGNPSyy
4 When do you need to search information from the reference collection?
   When I understand mangy things that different questions and strange words.

5 What type of reference collection that you like to use most ?and why?
  In Thailand I most like use http://www.google.com/ ,and in China I most like use http://www.baidu.com/. Because I can
find a lot of material of English original edition in google.Baidu is about Chinese material.

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